Research shows that psilocybin found in "Magic Mushrooms" shows promise for treating depression but scientists have not understood how it works until recently. Scientists studied both the brain processes which occur during psychedelic experiences and the duration of these brain changes.
Key Findings from Yale Researchers
In the scope of a new study, Yale researchers discovered that a single dose of psilocybin in mice induces rapid growth of connections between neurons, accompanied by the strengthening of those connections. The results were published in the scientific journal Neuron.
"We observed that the number of neuronal connections increased by about 10 percent, and their size also increased, which means the connections became more effective," notes the study's senior author, Yale University Associate Professor Alex Kwan.
The Role of Dendritic Spines
The research investigated dendritic spines which function as small neural structures which enable neurons to establish communication with each other. It is a known fact that chronic stress and depression reduce the density of these spines, disrupting brain connectivity.
Methodology and Observations
Scientists monitored brain changes in living mice through time by using a laser scanning microscope during multiple days of observation.
Rapid Growth: The number and size of dendritic spines started growing right away during the first 24 hours after psilocybin treatment according to researchers.
Long-term Stability: The researchers discovered that the observed changes continued to exist when they performed their second assessment which took place one month following their initial observation.
Behavioral Impact: Beyond structural changes, mice subjected to stress demonstrated behavioral improvements, and an increase in neurotransmitter activity was noted.
Conclusions
The research team believes that psilocybin produces its distinctive psychological effects by triggering brain neuroplasticity which leads to the development of fresh neural pathways.
"It was unexpected to see that just one dose can cause such enduring changes," says Kwan. "The brain creates new pathways which form its basic framework to handle incoming learning information.
